Everyman As A Morality Play - 1413 Words

â€Å"Everyman† is regarded as a morality play that was written in late 15th century. According to Michael A. Babcock, author of the story of Western culture, â€Å"Morality plays can be explained in best ways because of allegories figure out efforts made between seven virtues and seven vices contained in heart of man†. The play is a picture of what Christians should do or how they should spend their lives to save their souls from being convicted by death (Yaw Adu-Gyamfi P.265). The understanding of death in â€Å"Everyman† play is influenced by how people live their lives. The play brings out an idea of how people struggle to choose between worldly things and the ultimate spiritual judgment. The conflict between riches, relationship and the spiritual enrichment, heaven and hell and God’s verdict seems to be on the rise in the play. Babcock also states, â€Å"Everyman is a struggle between good and evil, between seven virtues as well as seven vices† . (167). we see how life is a transitory, when the play documents Everyman’s journey from sinful life to sin free life and finally to a holy death. Everyman tries to talk to his friends to accompany him on the long journey, but they abandon him in time of need. In fact, Fellowship responds to Everyman by saying, â€Å"Whether ye have loved me or no, by Saint John, I will not with thee go† (Line 287). Even a close cousin also not willing to go along with you, she makes excuse of having a pain in her toe (Lines 356). In this respect, Julian Paulson notes,Show MoreRelatedThe Morality Play Everyman 1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe morality play â€Å"Everyman† is a play during the medieval period that represent all mankind while dramatizing evil characters and good characters. The play upholds Christian virtues as the characters are presented with abstract qualities. The play starts with God talking to Death to convey a message to Everyman a pilgrimage he must take because of the sins that everyman has commented. God is upset with everyman because of unkind acts, plentiful sins, and worldly riches that man has comment ed whileRead MoreEveryman as a Morality Play1112 Words   |  5 Pagesfind the stimulus which leads to the rebirth of drama. Such was the popularity that most of the performances had to be taken to the streets. The Catholic Church started the Dramatized form of familiarizing the stories of the Bible through the Miracle Plays where all the miracles that were in the Bible were acted out Especially in the Mass, were developed as part of the elaborate ceremonial of great religious feasts such like Easter. The Authorities were quick to appreciate the instructional value ofRead MoreEveryman Is A Morality Play1720 Words   |  7 PagesEveryman is a morality play that was written in the late fifteenth-century, by an unknown author. It is unknown who originally wrote the play. It has been said that maybe Monks and Priests of that time wrote these types of plays. Therefore, it is believed that the play was probably written by multiple people. Morality plays were written to show people how they should act in the eyes of God and how the way they live their lives will affect them after death. Everyman seeks to persuade the audienceRead MoreEveryman As A Medieval Morality Play1684 Words   |  7 PagesEveryman is a example of a medieval morality play.1 The play is a work portraying how God in heaven sends death to call forth every creature to present itself before him to answ er for every action in this world. It shows the audience and readers what goes on in life and ending of it all through death. From the very beginning, the play classically shows that it deals with human experiences with the focus on morals. Everyman is a Christian play written to promote Christianity as a religion. At theRead More English Morality Play Everyman Essay2045 Words   |  9 PagesIn the English morality play â€Å"Everyman†, whose author is unknown, characters of the play try to find what Everyman really values in his life. When Everyman realizes that he has not been living a life focused on God. Instead, Everyman has been focusing more on worldly issues and riches than he should have. Once the play goes on further, Everyman is then approached by a character, whose name is Death. At that time, Everyman notices that he is about to die. However, he also realizes that all the earthlyRead MoreEveryman Is An English Morality Play By An Unknown Author1493 Words   |  6 Pagesas â€Å"The Summoning of Everyman†, â€Å"Everyman† was writing sometime during the late 1400s. â€Å"Everyman† is an English morality play by an unknown author. This play first appeared in England in the 16th century. â€Å"Everyman† can be considered as a play of transience because it shows a protagonist who is during the whole play. It also illustrates the way Christians are expected to live and the endeavors that should be made in order for their lives to be saved. The morality play â€Å"Everyman† is about a man whoRead MoreEveryman Is A Late Eighteenth Century Morality Play1614 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Everyman is a late fifteenth-century morality play† (Adu-Gyamfi Schmidt, 2011, p. 265). It is also an allegory play, which is â€Å"a description†¦in which the literal events (persons, places, and things) consistently point to a parallel sequence of ideas, values, or other recognizable abstractions† (Kennedy Gioia, 2012, p. 696). This is otherwise known as an allusion. â€Å"This allusion is perceived as the writer’s compassion for everybody who experiences universals fear of death, pain and ageingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Everyman As An English Morality Play1277 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Everyman† is an English morality play whose author is unknown. It dates back to the 16th century and was first seen in England. The play depicts a man who is caught up in a secular world and is more concerned with worldly riches than nurturing his spiritual life. He seems content until Death is sent to tell him his life is over and he must now give an account to God of how he lived his life. The author uses allegory characters to describe moral qualities and abstractions in Everyman’s life. (AllegoryRead MoreEnglish Research Paper1622 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Death in Everyman† Research Paper ENG102_D27: Literature Fall D 2010 Peggy Jean English, ID#3591339 APA Format Title: â€Å"Death in Everyman† Thesis Statement: The message of death in Everyman is associated with the search of the reasoning of life. Outline: Paragraph 1: Introduction and Thesis Statement Paragraphs 2-13: Explains the play, its characters, the author’s interpretation of the play, and the author’s perception of death and the treatment of death. Paragraph 14: Conclusion Read MorePerspective on Death in the Play Everyman Essays1344 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Everyman may have been written many years ago, but its lessons are still relevant today. Generally, the facts of death are very traumatizing and in fact unthinkable. This leads the modern day Everyman to ignore its significance, dying without acknowledging or reflecting on their lives here on earth. It is based on this fact that this paper aims to show the position of the author of the play â€Å"Everyman† regarding death. History of the Play Like many other morality- allegorical plays, Everyman

Essay on Psychology The Mozart Effect - 1332 Words

Psychology is a formative science that has led to revolutionary discoveries as to how the human brain functions, develops and in some instances, can be enhanced. Although these fundamental objectives are a valuable resource within our community, it is vital that they are of verity and can be replicated; if not they are redundant to the field. Unfortunately, due to its youth, psychological science does not have a strict system of checks and balances to ensure that remittance procedures can consistently be undertaken for false claims. To this end, this essay will evaluate the questionable validity of the â€Å"Mozart Effect†. The Mozart Effect implies that playing Mozart to a baby will increase its cognitive abilities, a claim which has†¦show more content†¦This an area of the brain, associated with cognitive arousal and complex visual transformation processes involved with mental rotation of three-dimensional shapes and similar difficult spatial tasks (Chabris, C. 1999 ). Thus extrapolating that the Mozart effect does not ‘make babies smarter’, it only marginally improves a participant’s spatial intellect immediately after music stimuli. This collaboration of studies provides a broad scope of multiple findings which can account for any anomalies or outliers within individual study findings, however it also inhibits specificity of the results as there is no control of experimental procedures. Further limitations are the varying ages of participants and measurement of results. Ultimately, however, this meta-analysis significantly indicates that even if listening to Mozart was an effective cognitive enhancement, the benefits would only have a moderate effect of a short duration. A more detailed study supported this meta-analysis via its focus on child development and the lack of validity and longevity with the Mozart effect. Dubbing the Mozart effect â€Å"another quick fix† it concluded that Mozart, whether played to or ta ught to children does not exhibit any long term benefits for cognition (Jones, S. 2002). Although the original study (Rauscher, F., Shaw, G., Ky, K.Show MoreRelatedClassical Music: The Mozart Effect Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mozart effect is a phenomena whereby listening to ten minutes of Mozart’s music, a person’s spatial IQ is boosted by 8-9 points (on the Stanford-Binet IQ Scale), in comparison to listening to ten minutes of a relaxation tape or silence (Rauscher, Shaw and Ky, 1993). This literature review critically assesses the key works and concepts concerning the Mozart effect, specifically its methodologies, its limits, and finally, alternative theories. While some academics argue that ‘listening to MozartRead MoreDoes Playing Mozart to Babies Make Them Smarter? Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mozart Effect Resource Centre website, music educator Don Campbell made the claim that â€Å"classical music has a powerful effect on the intellectual and creative development of children from the very youngest of ages.† (Campbell , n.d.). To critically evaluate this claim a number of sources have been analysed. Through this analysis it was found that the claim cannot be supported by reliable empirical research and that classical music only produces short-term cognitive enhancement. This effect canRead MoreDerogatory Music s Effects On Overall Mood And Test Performance1160 Words   |  5 Pages Derogatory Music’s Effects on Overall Mood and Test Performance Rebecca Smith Arcadia University Derogatory Music’s Effects on Overall Mood and Test Performance We believe that music with certain messages can have an effect on mood states. In this experiment we will be looking at how derogatory music will affect the mood state and test performance of women. We believe that music that has sexist themes will result in low mood states and test results of the females in that conditionRead MoreThe Mozart Effect Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesIt has long been believed that music can evoke specific thoughts and feelings from the listener. But can music –specifically the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- summon hidden intelligences within the human brain? That is the question scientists are trying to answer. In the mid-nineties, scientists, Frances Rauscher, Gordon Shaw and Katherine Ky, claimed that music could boost the listener’s intelligence up to 9 points (Steele 2). To many, this allegation seemed a bit far-fetched and soon otherRead MoreMozart Effect And Its Effect On Mental Development1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe Idea of the Mozart effect came at a time when scientists were trying to merge the aspect of psychology (the science of the mind), and neuroscience (the science of the brain). Scientists felt that music plays a major role in the learning and thinking processes (â€Å"The Mozart Effect†). The Mozart effect refers to the resultant enhanced mental performance that arises when one listens to Mozart’s music. It is suggested that listening to Mozart makes one smarter by improving their spatial intelligenceRead MoreMozart Effect Field Research1740 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Mozart Effect Field Research PSYCH/600 Diana Slade September 30, 2013 Dr. Debra Jennings Mozart Effect Field Research Many parents have come to believe that music, especially classical music played during pregnancy or in the nursery of their newborns would make their precious bundle of joy smarter. Is there science to prove that this is true, or is it just a quick way to sale books, cd, and videos’. The Mozart Effect drove expectant mothersRead MoreMozart Effect1414 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Mozart Effect† The Mozart effect has two general definitions. Firstly, it is a set of research results that indicate that listening to Mozarts music may induce a short-term improvement on the performance of certain kinds of mental tasks known as spatial-temporal reasoning. And also it is popularized versions of the theory, which suggest that listening to Mozart makes you smarter, or that early childhood exposure to classical music has a beneficial effect on mental development. The termRead MoreMusic As A Universal Experience1375 Words   |  6 Pages This experiment was inspired by the Mozart effect work. For those who are unaware, the Mozart effect can refer to: listening to Mozart during study or learning to help enhance the short term or spatial learning. There have been many books and studies done on this theory. In one study done by J S Jenkins it was concluded that: The original experiments on adults exposed to Mozart s music were of short duration only. In related experiments, long-term effects of music were studied in groups of pre-schoolRead MoreMusic Makes Children Smarter : Music Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagessubjects. Universities have concluded that a specific part of our brain had a major role that can progress to become intellectual when exposed to classical music, and later on, was exposed to another conclusion, that classical music, only has rapid effect in specific amount of time. Professors and theorists dispute with disagreement that listening to classical music is uncertain and does not necessarily make pe ople smarter. Listening to other music other than classical, however, was proven to be moreRead MoreGrit Vs. Iq : Cognitive Development Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesGrit vs IQ: Essentiality Towards Cognitive Development Cognitive development can be defined as a field of study in  neuroscience  and  psychology revolving around the growth of the brain (Schacter Woods 2009). This development is the evolution of skills such as, information processing, perceptual skills, conceptual resourcing, language knowledge and other brain development traits (ibid). Passion and determination towards long term goals (otherwise known as ‘grit’) are parts of cognitive

Similarities and Differences of Iphones and Android Phones” Free Essays

Similarities and Differences of Iphones and Android Phones† â€Å"Similarities and Differences of iPhones and Android phones† The iPhone is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Incorporation. The iPhone runs Apple’s OS mobile operating system. This device’s has a multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard and a Wi-Fi and cellular connectivity. We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities and Differences of Iphones and Android Phones† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Why buy iPhone? iPhones are very famous and expensive but it gives what the user wants like Entertainment, Communication and Internet connectivity. In Communication the iPhone allows audio conferencing, call holding, call merging, caller ID, and integration with other cellular network features and iPhone functions. For example, if music is playing when a call is received, the music fades out, and fades back in when the call has ended. In Entertainment the iPhone can sort its media library by songs, artists, albums, videos, playlists, genres, composers, podcasts, audio books, and a compilation which helps the user manage his or her songs. In Internet connectivity the Internet access is available when the iPhone is connected to a local area Wi-Fi or a wide area network which allow the user to browse the internet. For me the iPhone nowadays are very expensive and unaffordable especially the latest versions of the phone. The only problem with iPhone is that it only runs application made by Apple Inc. , but it is reliable for the user because of its features and performance in different ways and it also goes with the flow of modern time. Android Phones† An Android Phone is a smart phone built with an Android mobile operating system, with more advanced computing capability and connectivity than a feature phone. This phone also has the same features with an iPhone but not all because an Android phone only runs application compatible to its OS. Why buy an Android Phone? An Android Phone also has a qualified performance that can match an iPhone and it is more affordable than an iPhone. Some examples of companies that pr ovide android OS to†¦ How to cite Similarities and Differences of Iphones and Android Phones†, Papers

Business Event Management Management

Question: Task 1 1. Write a report on the benefits of carrying out an identified event or project within an agreed time scale in order to meet the need of the project 2. List all the documents that are required for such an event using your experience as an event planner to evaluate and analyse the importance of these documents3. In your report you must ensure that resources that are required for this event are listed and their benefits to the project/event are discussed and documented within your report4. The final part of your report should give a critical analysis of how reviews and evaluations including the methods and resources were carried out Task 2 1. In your report you will document how you will Set up the Project, choose the completion date and allocate responsibilities2. Detail within your report what leadership, effective time management skills will be necessary to pull such an event /project off3. Assess and document the significance of stakeholder analysis when formulating new strategy4. Take corrective action if necessary to keep the project on schedule and document this in your report Task 3 1. Choose the Appropriate size team and document each persons role writing down what skills this person has in adding value to the project, and hence why you choose that person to play that role2. Document within your report what types of team building and conflict management skills are required when diffusing anger 3. Detail methods of co-ordination and communication used, and why you believe they were the most appropriate methods. Do not forget to include documents i.e. minutes of meeting, emails, telephone call logs etc.4. What, why and how are resources going to be used in order to ensure the project is a success? Task 4 1. Create clear records of communication both internally, externally and of team meetings.2. Document where use of information technology has been used 3. Produce information clearly, regularly and on time documenting when and what was produced. Answer: Task 1 1. A project has its own benefits to the company. Some of the project benefits are given below All the projects are based on some specific objectives which in return delivers benefits to the taxpayers, companies, the general public, the government of the nation in which the country is situated, the sponsoring of the organisation and also the stakeholders and the delivery partners. It will cause the business to operate in a different technique in order to carry out the operations. It will help to create new form of outputs and deliverables that will enable the benefits to be realised. They also help to create a specific, temporary management for the organisation which carries out the governance arrangements setup for the duration of the project. The risk they are susceptible to can be found during these projects or events which are usually absent in the day to day operational work of the organisation. The involvement of the organisations stakeholders from different parts of the organisations increase the involvement of the stakeholders in the organisation. The use of new and unfamiliar methods of operations in the organisations are carried out which might be more efficient than the previously used methods. 2. The purpose of the project initiation document is to provide the information required by senior management and stakeholders to enable them to commit to the resources and timelines proposed. It is a form of contract between the Project Manager and Project Board that defines how the project will be run. The PID provides a detailed proposition against which success can be measured. To do this the PID builds on the approved Project Brief by defining in detail how the project will be developed and when it will be delivered. The PID is presented to the project board in order to get a clear information about the views of the key stakeholders and therefore can be considered as valid. This is an essential stage in the process to ensure commitment and buy-in from all interested parties to the proposed outcomes. The detailed analysis undertaken for the PID will uncover increased costs or risks such that the project is cancelled. This is a strength of the staged project process as it avoids significant resources being expended on the wrong project. The development of the project initiation document takes place by the following methods Accountabilities, roles and responsibilities of the project team and inclusion of the part time team members also should be accountable. An activity plan like the Gantt chart should be used on which each deliverable should be completed. This will also include dependencies and milestone. An updated assessment of Risks, including their probability and impact, as well as some mitigation plans and contingency arrangements. The updated cost and benefit analysis, particularly a detailed resource and timing plan Governance plan that details how the project will be monitored and controlled in terms of decision points, reports and reporting cycles, including whether updates will be on an exception or ongoing basis. Communications Plan that will start to determine how the project will be communicated to the different audiences, including the press. 3. The following resources are to be utilized when planning an entire project The purpose of the plan has to be clear in order to gain commitment and approval of the project for the day to day management and control, in order to establish feasibility or the viability in order to define the contingency arrangements. The scope of the plan has to be clear within the viable resources. The objectives have to be planned according to the plan of the project. Any presence of the constraints like that of the resource availability and the mandated delivery dates should be included in the high structure understanding of the plan. The identification of the interim and the final deliverables required from the project should be specified. The contents of the deliverables, the organisation responsible for them, the dependency of the deliverables, the quality characteristics that can be built onto it, the types of the quality checks required, the skills and resources required and also the quality checks should be specified for each of the deliverables. The involvement of experts in the projects who will understand the detail of the development are also valuable resources. The breakdown of the large activities into smaller segments and the skills required to carry out each of the objectives are also resources for the project. The recruitment, procurement, training and the induction activities are the important resources for the project (Wright, 2002). 4. The process of evaluation and review of the projects can be carried out by the technique of PERT (project evaluation and review techniques) that helps to give better time estimation for any project, by keeping records for the uncertainty when the predictions of the duration of the task was carried out. As a project manager anyone can predict the task durations and also the best, worst and the most probable duration of time for each activity and determine the average completion time. This ca be done by taking the probabilities of the three estimates and then calculating the estimating the expected value. The critical path analysis has some advantages and disadvantages alike. It makes possible to identify the relationship between the different task and activities. The resources can be planned and allocated from using it like in case of staff planning, it would also act as good communication and planning tool for the time management. Though it has its own disadvantages too like the assumption of trade-off between time and money but most of the staff cost could be non-variable cost, the complexity of the diagram will also increase on including more activities and also the uncertainty pertaining to the duration of the activities and can be poor prediction for the elapsed time (Wateridge, 2001). Task 2 1. Without the careful planning of the project it will be very likely to fail and achieve its objectives. In case of smaller project it is possible that one plan may be used to define the entire scope of work and all the resources needed to carry out that work. For larger projects, planning will be carried out at different levels of detail at different times. In all types and sizes of project one must be prepared to re-plan in the light of experience The project PID might contain the following the things in its first version The description of the plan like in form of narrative of the plans purpose Pre-requisites or the things that must be in place for the plan to succeed External dependencies like commitments required from outside agencies Planning Assumptions like availability of resources Gantt or Bar chart showing the stages or activities involved n the project. Financial budget or the planned expenditure Resource requirements for e.g. in a table produced using a spreadsheet or project planning. The steps of the planning are the manager has to make sure that everyone understands the project's desired outcome, scope, objectives, constraints, assumptions and the purpose and level of detail of the plan one must produce. The deliverables are to be created according to the result of the plans. The activities are to be specified clearly that are necessary to develop deliverables. The activities are to be put in a logical sequence taking into account interdependencies. Estimate resource requirements for the people, skills, effort, money and other things that will be needed to carry out each activity. Estimate the timescale for each activity like for elapsed duration. To schedule the work from the target start date onwards To define the project management progress controls and decision points clearly. To identify the risks and the uncertainties clearly (Ward and Chapman, 2003). 2. The sooner the project board gives the permission to start the project the role of the project manager becomes vital and is responsible as the leader in the whole operation, its his duty to run the project as close as possible to the approved plan and to do so the leadership roles carried out by him are Allocation of the work to the project teams in accordance with the plan. To monitor progress during development of the deliverables products by the team. To ensure that the deliverables meet specified levels of quality To ensure that the delivery of completed deliverables is made to the required destination. To monitor costs and use of resources To report progress and exceptions to the Project Board via highlight reports (Rodney Turner, 2004). 3. In order to manage stakeholder relationships one must carry out the following activities The identification of the stakeholders is very important. The analysis of their attitudes to, and potential need for involvement in, the project. To establish the stakeholder management strategy to ensure a consistent, appropriate and cost-effective approach is adopted across the project. Identification of the potential approaches to engage, manage relationships and communicate. Select the approaches that are likely to be effective cost-effective proportionate and affordable and formalised as a Communications Plan in order to build them in to the Project Plan as appropriately resourced and scheduled activities. Execute the plan, monitor its effectiveness and revise as necessary (Randolph, 2014). 4. In order to achieve the scheduled management plan by exception the project manager has to be provided with the authority to deal with the inevitable small deviations from the plan. For the larger deviations such as those which occurs due to request for change, poor estimation or by delays in deliveries by the external agencies which requires the following steps to be taken Setting delegated limits or tolerances which the Project Board should set limits to the allowable deviations from planned cost and schedule so that the Project Manager knows how much delegated authority is available to manage deviations from plan. The Project Manager may use an exceptional Highlight Report to notify the Project Board of any forecast or actual deviations from plan beyond delegated limits. Positive sorts of exception should also be reported to the authority. The exception planning and decision making by the Project manager should be allowed by the Project Board to replace the current plan which is no longer viable (Ponnappa, 2014). Task 3 1. Staffing of the project with the right skills and at the right place is the sole responsibility of the project management team and yet it is the most important responsibility in the project management. There are generally two types of members in the project team known as the functional managers and the process managers. Being a training project the functional managers and their team focus on the technology of the project and they would include the engineers and the construction superintendents, professional trainers, software development managers etc. the process managers are the people who have expertise in cost estimation, cost tracking, and scheduling. The need of the both the functional and process manager. The staffing plan for a project typically reflects both the long-term goals of skilled team members needed for the project and short-term commitment that reflects the nature of the project. Exact start and end dates for team members are often negotiated to best meet the needs of individuals and the project. The staffing plan is also determined by the different phases of the project. Team members needed in the early or conceptual phases of the project are often not needed during the end phases or project closeout phases. Team members needed during the execution phase are often not needed during the conceptual or closeout phases. A core management team is the team which is the most important as they are involved in the project from the starting to the close out. The core team would include members of the project management team which includes the project manager, project controls, project procurement, and key members of the function management or experts in the technology of the projec t. Although longer projects may experience more team turnover than shorter projects, it is important on all projects to have team members who can provide continuity through the project phases. The organization that charters the project can assign talented managers and staff from functional units within the organization, contract with individuals or agencies to staff positions on the project, temporarily hire staff for the project, or use any combination of these staffing options. This staffing approach allows the project manager to create the project organizational culture which is determined by the project manager and determines the roles of the members working in the project (Kerzner, 2001). 2. A risk or conflict is an area of uncertainty that forms a threat or a opportunity to the project. Most of the attention to risk will be to avoid or reduce the likelihood of events that might be the cause of the project to be thrown off course. To manage and mitigate risks, the first task is to identify them, assess the likelihood of them happening and estimate the impact they might have on the project. The identification and consideration of risk is an integral part of project management. The aversion of conflicts and risk requires to take the following steps To keep a clear understanding of the achievement of the aims and the goals of the project. Focus on the matters that can be achieved even with a small bit of a conflict rather than totally avoiding the path, because sometimes a little conflict is important to the success of a project. The management of averting risks is based on subjective and qualitative judgements. Risk or conflict is not just about finance but it applies to all decisions regarding the business at all levels that includes operational, regulatory and reputational factors. To support the decisions in a bureaucratic process by supporting them with proper documentation (Index of 2013 Project Management Journal Papers and Authors, 2014). 3. For the completion of a complex project successfully communication is required which is provided by team work and communication among them. Though if they are in the same building, it is not a problem but most of the teams are globally separated in todays economy and the type of meetings in the same building are not possible. These teams are therefore called virtual teams as they use electronics method of communicating. The communications can be done by two methods, synchronous and asynchronous, where synchronous means that all the members are taking part in the exchange of communication at the same time. In asynchronous the participants are not taking part in the meeting at the same time. To carry on the communications a various technologies require a number of compatible devices, software, and service providers, and communication with a global virtual team can involve many different time zones (Hyvri, 2006). 4. During the start-up phase, the project leader develops the project infrastructure used to design and execute the project. A team is formed to create agreement among project stakeholders on the goals, cost, and completion date. Plans for executing the project, managing the schedule and quality, and controlling the budget are created. The scope statement establishes project parameters that define what will be done. Project quality begins with the specifications of materials and labour. A quality plan creates a process for assuring the requirements and specifications of the project. Quality improvement tools can be applied to projects if the company has several similar projects. Team members are selected to manage functions and processes. The staffing plan assigns people as needed. The risk on a project reflects the number of things that can possibly happen that will have a negative effect on the project and the probability of those events happening. The communication methods are implemented in order to make everyone stay connected to the team (Hearkens, 2002). Task 4 1. In order to create clear records of communication between the internal, external communications it is important to develop some skills which will be effective in communication. They are as following Writing skills are very important for the implementation of a project as it is the best medium to get the right messages across to a specific audience. It is important to make sure that ones text harmonise with the overall communication strategy. Messages can be explicit or clearly stated as information, implicit or intended for subliminal or emotional impact and can work better when one is explaining the theme of a message to their team members. Research of the main statements of the project and also of the recent statistics and official information give credibility to the arguments one keeps in the meetings. The organisation of the statements and the information systematically is very important to make point in the meetings as well as to encourage the team members (Eric Kirkland, 2014). 2. The following implementations can be brought in the project management by the help of information technology Information technology can help create an integrated toolbox for the companies that consistently struggle to succeed in managing projects clearly define what needs to be done. They use an integrated toolbox, including project management tools, methods, and techniques. They carefully select tools, align them with project and business goals, link them to metrics, and provide them to project managers to deliver positive result. IT can develop a streamlined project delivery process where the winning companies have examined every step in the project delivery process, analysed fluctuations in workloads, searched for ways to reduce variation, and eliminated bottlenecks to create a repeatable delivery process. All projects go through clear stages and clearly define key milestones. All project leaders use a shared road map, focusing on key business aspects of their projects while integrating goals across all parts of the organization. IT can help to measure project health using metrics. Companies that excel in project delivery use performance metrics to quantify progress. They focus on a handful of important measurements and apply them to all projects. Metrics often include customer satisfaction, return on investment, and percentage of schedule buffer consumed (Deeprose, 2002). 3. It can be recorded successfully by creating a project closure checklist which should include the following queries Check that whether the work was completed according to the PID. To check whether the project deliverables have been created, quality controlled, accepted and handed over to those who will operate and maintain them. To check the person who is responsible for ongoing operation, training and maintenance of the deliverables been accepted by appropriate parts of the organisation To check the persons who provided resources have been informed of impending project closure. To check that whether all risks that might affect the achievement of benefits been communicated to an appropriate owner in the organisation. Whether the project management documentation been archived for future reference (Davidson Frame, 2014). References Davidson Frame, J. (2014). Reconstructing Project Management.Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.e2-e2. Deeprose, D. (2002).Project management. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub. Eric Kirkland, C. (2014). Project Management: A Problem-Based Approach.Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.e3-e3. Heerkens, G. (2002).Project management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hyvri, I. (2006). Project management effectiveness in project-oriented business organizations.International Journal of Project Management, 24(3), pp.216-225. Index of 2013 Project Management Journal Papers and Authors. (2014).Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.88-89. Kerzner, H. (2001).Project management. New York: John Wiley. Ponnappa, G. (2014). Project Stakeholder Management.Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e3-e3. Randolph, S. (2014). Maximizing Project Value: A Project Manager's Guide.Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e2-e2. Rodney Turner, J. (2004). Viennese Project Management-Days Project and Emotions.International Journal of Project Management, 22(4), pp.271-272. Ward, S. and Chapman, C. (2003). Transforming project risk management into project uncertainty management.International Journal of Project Management, 21(2), pp.97-105. Wateridge, J. (2001). Successful Project Management.International Journal of Project Management, 19(3), p.191. Wright, J. (2002). Effective Project Management.International Journal of Project Management, 20(8), p.633.